ISSN 1694-6286
e-ISSN 1694-9250
Макала жөнөтүү
Кыргыз
Кыргыз улуттук агрардык университетинин жарчысы

Макаланы издөө

Борбордук Азияда өрүктү өстүрүү жана кайта иштетүү потенциалы

М Мээрим Тынарбекова Ж Жамила Сманалиева Т Томас Хенле
Кабыл алынган убакыт 03.10.2025
Түзөтүлгөн 12.02.2026
Жарыяланган 10.03.2026

Аннотация

Өрүк (Prunus armeniaca L.) мелүүн зоналардын негизги жемиштеринин бири бойдон калууда, Борбордук Азия анын келип чыгышынын жана генетикалык ар түрдүүлүгүнүн маанилүү борбору болуп саналат. Изилдөө дүйнө жүзү боюнча, өзгөчө Борбордук Азия өлкөлөрүндө жаңы жана кургатылган өрүктү өндүрүү менен соодалоонун экономикалык потенциалын баалоого, ошондой эле ар кандай кургатуу технологияларынын натыйжалуулугун талдоого багытталган. FAOSTAT, WITS, Tridge жана WTO маалыматтары (2020-2025-жылдар), илимий адабияттардын системалуу карап чыгуусу (Scopus, Web of Science ж.б.) колдонулду; жыл сайын 50 тонна кургатылган өрүк өндүрүү шартында салттуу күн кургатуу, конвективдүү, инфракызыл жана сублимациялык (freeze-drying) ыкмалар үчүн инвестициянын кайтарымдуулугу (ROI) жана дүң киреше эсептелди. Аныкталгандай, 2024-жылы дүйнөлүк өрүк өндүрүшү болжол менен 4,5 млн тоннага жеткен; Түркия, Өзбекстан жана Иран лидер болуп калууда, бирок 2025-жылы Түркияда (айрыкча Малатья облусунда) катуу жазгы үшүккө байланыштуу өндүрүш чейин кыскарган, бул жаңы жана кургатылган өрүктүн дүйнөлүк бааларынын кескин өсүшүнө алып келген. Борбордук Азияда Өзбекстан (~526-540 миң т 2024-ж.), Тажикстан (~313-348 миң т 2024-2025-жж.) жана Кыргызстан (~57 миң т 2023-2024-жж.) олуттуу экспорттук потенциалды көрсөтүүдө; Түркия 2024-жылы кургатылган өрүктү 404,5 млн АКШ долларына экспорттогон, бирок 2025-жылы регионалдык жеткирүүчүлөр (айрыкча Өзбекстан жана Тажикстан) атаандаштык артыкчылыкка ээ болууда. ROI эсептөөлөрү: күн кургатуу – 7,3 %, конвективдүү – 23,4 %, инфракызыл – 28,5 %, сублимациялык – 33,9 %; инфракызыл жана сублимациялык ыкмалар эң жогорку сапатты камсыз кылат. Жыйынтыктар Борбордук Азиянын (негизинен Кыргызстандын) фермерлери, кайра иштетүүчүлөрү жана инвесторлору тарабынан кургатуу технологияларын тандоодо, түшүм жыйналгандан кийинки жоготууларды азайтууда жана премиум-экспорттук рынокторго (ЕБ, АКШ, Россия) чыгууда колдонулушу мүмкүн

Негизги сөздөр

жыйноо аянты; түшүмдүүлүк; кургатуу технологиясы; жабдуу; инвестициянын кирешелүүлүгү; эксплуатациялык чыгымдар
Цитаталоо
Tynarbekova, M., Smanalieva, J., & Henle, T. (2026). Potential for apricot farming and processing in Central Asia. Bulletin of the Kyrgyz National Agrarian University, 24(1), 63-76. https://doi.org/10.63621/bknau./1.2026.63

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