Аннотация
Макала Кыргызстандагы 1991-2021-жылдардагы экономикалык кризистин шартында аялдардын эмгек миграциясындагы көйгөйлөргө арналган. Социалдык кызмат көрсөтүүлөрдүн кыскарышы, жумушсуздук, жакырчылык жана аялдарга карата зордук-зомбулук аймактарда миграцияны күчөтүп, анын олуттуу бөлүгүн аялдар түзгөн. Миграция аялдар үчүн өзүнүн жана үй-бүлөсүнүн жакшы келечегинин жаңы стратегиясына айланган. Көптөгөн мигрант аялдар аргасыздан өз укуктарын бузган эмгек жана жашоо шарттарын кабыл алууга аргасыз болушуп, айрымдары кулчулуктун курмандыгы болуп калышкан. Борбордук Азия өлкөлөрү, анын ичинде Кыргызстан үчүн аялдарды трансулуттук кулчулукка сатуу салыштырмалуу жаңы көрүнүш. Кулчулукка сатуу жашыруун мунөзгө ээ болгондуктан, анын курмандыктарынын так санын аныктоо кыйынга турат. Көрүлгөн чараларга карабастан, кулчулукка сатуу маселеси курчуп баратат. Себеби, адам сатуу маселеси дүйнө өлкөлөрүнүн арасында керектүү резонанска ээ болгон эмес
Негизги сөздөр
Колдонулган булактар
[1] Analysis of the institutional and legal framework and review of cooperation in the field of "Combating human trafficking in Western Europe and Central Asia". Analytical report. (2003). Moscow: IOM.
[2] Asankanov, A.A., & Zhooshbekova, A.R. (2011). Problems of internal population migration in Kyrgyzstan during the years of independence (based on materials from Batken, Jalal-Abad, and Osh regions). In 20 years of sovereign Kyrgyzstan (pp. 376-383). Bishkek.
[3] Every 53 minutes, one Kyrgyzstani leaves for migration – statistics. (2023). Retrieved from https://economist.kg/novosti/2023/12/05/kazhdyie-53-minuty-odin-kyrghyzstaniets-uiezzhaiet-na-mighratsiiu-statistika/.
[4] Global Slavery Index. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.walkfree.org/global-slavery-index/map/.
[5] Global Slavery Index 2023. (2023). Retrieved from https://reliefweb.int/report/world/global-slavery-index-2023.
[6] IAAC "Kabar". (2018). Early marriages in Kyrgyzstan: Causes and consequences. Retrieved from https://kabar.kg/news/iatc-kabar-rannie-braki-v-kyrgyzstane-prichiny-i-sledstviia/.
[7] In Kyrgyzstan, there are 24 thousand slaves, according to Walk Free Foundation. (2018). Retrieved from https://ru.sputnik.kg/20180722/kyrgyzstan-global-slavery-index-reyting-rabstvo-1040297135.html.
[8] Isaev, K. (2001). Kyrgyzstan at the crossroads of centuries. Bishkek.
[9] Iyazalieva, K.T. (2014). Social challenges of labor migration in Kyrgyzstan. Bishkek.
[10] Jetibaeva, G.T. (2006). Poverty as the main factor of labor migration in Kyrgyzstan. In Proceedings of the XI Scientific-Theoretical Conference (pp. 485-492). Bishkek.
[11] Karabaeva, K.N. (2011). Sociology of family and marriage: A textbook. Bishkek.
[12] Kyrgyzstan: The number of slaves is increasing. Analytical article. (2014). Bishkek: Ferghana Information Agency.
[13] Lipatnikov, G. (1999). Prostitution and trafficking of women. In A world free from violence: Collection (pp. 23-27). Bishkek.
[14] "Manna from heaven," or welcome to slavery! (2014). Retrieved from https://24.kg/obschestvo/1913_manna_nebesnaya_ili_dobro_pojalovat_v_rabstvo/.
[15] Mapping report of Kyrgyz diasporas, compatriots, and migrants abroad. (2022). Bishkek: International Organization for Migration in the Kyrgyz Republic.
[16] Most victims of human trafficking are migrants. (2017). In Conference "Protection of the rights of labor migrants and prevention of slavery". Azattyk News Agency. Retrieved from.
[17] Not yet the stratosphere. Over five years, the poverty level in Kyrgyzstan has increased by almost 11%. (2023). Retrieved from https://kaktus.media/doc/491990_poka_ne_stratosfera._za_piat_let_yroven_bednosti_v_kyrgyzstane_vyros_pochti_na_11.html.
[18] 120,000 Kyrgyzstanis received work permits in Russia. (2013). Retrieved from https://vesti.kg/obshchestvo/item/21749-razreshenie-na-rabotu-v-rossii-poluchili-120-tyisyach-kyirgyizstantsev.html.
[19] Scale of human trafficking in Central Asia "Vityaz". (2010). Bishkek: International Organization for Migration.
[20] Silent victims of human trafficking. (2017). Retrieved from https://rus.azattyk.org/a/28522231.html.
[21] Soltoeva, A. (2007). Better to work in Seoul than in a village. Bishkek: Evening Bishkek.
[22] Sarygulov, B., & Mkrtchyan, N. (2011). Migration in modern Kyrgyzstan. Demoscope Weekly, 1, 481-482.
[23] Stoker, S. (2000). Organized crime as a factor in the increase of human trafficking cases. Organized Crime and Corruption, 1, 177-179.
[24] Tolmacheva, O. (2008). Should we expect a mass return of Kyrgyz migrants from Russia. Retrieved from https://centrasia.org/newsA.php?st=1228389720.
[25] Trafficking in persons: What you need to know about it? (2021). Retrieved from https://cabar.asia/ru/torgovlya-lyudmi-chto-nuzhno-znat-ob-etom.
[26] Understanding the scale of modern slavery. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.walkfree.org/global-slavery-index/.
[27] United Nations. (2018). Hidden servitude of women in domestic work. Retrieved from https://www.ohchr.org/ru/stories/2018/09/unspoken-servitude-women-domestic-workers.
[28] UN International Labour Organization. (2015). According to new ILO data, there are 150 million migrant workers worldwide. Retrieved from https://www.ilo.org/moscow/news/WCMS_437131/lang--ru/index.htm.
[29] "More profitable than drugs". How Kyrgyzstanis end up in slavery. (2022). Retrieved from https://kaktus.media/doc/464194_vygodnee_chem_narkotiki._kak_kyrgyzstancy_popadaut_v_rabstvo.html.
[30] Women's status report in the Kyrgyz Republic 2000-2005. (2004). Bishkek: United Nations Development Programme.
[31] Elebaeva, A.B. (2009). Contemporary migration processes in Kyrgyzstan. In Zh.A. Zaionchkovskaya & G.S. Vitkovskaya (Eds.), Post-Soviet transformations: Reflections in migrations (pp. 390). Moscow: Adamant.
[32] Report on identifying the rehabilitation and reintegration needs of male victims of human trafficking. (2015). Bishkek: SIAR Research & Consulting.
[33] National Institute of Strategic Studies of the Kyrgyz Republic. (2018). Kyrgyzstan: Extended migration profile 2015-2018. Bishkek.