Государственная политика поддержки животноводства в Республике Казахстан: механизмы субсидирования и льготного кредитования на примере Абайской области

Получено 26.12.2025
Доработано 11.05.2026
Опубликовано 15.06.2026

Аннотация

Целью данного исследования была оценка эффективности государственной политики поддержки мясного скотоводства в Казахстане путем анализа взаимодействия субсидий и льготного кредитования на региональном уровне. Для интерпретации динамики производственных показателей, инвестиционной активности и бюджетных параметров во времени был использован комплекс институционального, сравнительного и эмпирико-статистического анализа. Было установлено, что институциональная структура государственной поддержки приобрела многоуровневый характер с формальным разделением полномочий между центральными и региональными органами власти. Установлено, что структура финансирования в Абайской области характеризуется преобладанием финансовых инструментов (7,8 млрд тенге) над прямыми формами поддержки (4,8 млрд тенге), что свидетельствует о сдвиге в политике в сторону стимулирования инвестиционной деятельности. Эмпирический анализ поголовья скота и структуры производства выявил предпочтение экстенсивной модели развития, о чем свидетельствует более быстрый рост поголовья (на 2,4 %) по сравнению с ростом объемов производства (на 2,7 %). Однако доступ к кредитам остается неравномерным, поскольку требования к залогу ограничивают участие мелких производителей в программах финансирования. Это способствует усилению структурной дифференциации внутри сектора: на долю сельскохозяйственных предприятий приходится 55 % производства мяса, в то время как на долю домохозяйств – лишь 15 %. Обобщение полученных результатов показало, что эффективность государственной политики определяется не только объемом финансирования, но и согласованностью инструментов поддержки, уровнем институциональной интеграции и доступностью для различных категорий производителей. Практическая значимость результатов заключается в их потенциальном использовании при пересмотре критериев доступа мелких производителей к программам субсидирования, включая снижение требований к мощностям проектов, а также при корректировке бюджетного планирования в агропромышленном комплексе путем синхронизации выплат с производственными циклами

Ключевые слова

бюджетные трансферты; отложенные обязательства; экстенсивная модель; инвестиционные проекты; кластерная модель; цифровизация сельскохозяйственного сектора
ЦИТИРОВАНИЕ
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