INCREASING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF PISTACHIO PLANTATIONS (PISTACIA VERA L.) IN KYRGYZSTAN

Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) is a valuable nut crop, the need for nuts is many times higher than raw materials. Being the northern area of Central Asia, they have a huge gene pool that allows them to select the most economically valuable forms that are not inferior in quality characteristics of nuts to cultural varieties, one of the valuable nut-bearing breeds that have a variety of applications and important national economic significance. In the international and local market, the demand for pistachio nuts is increasing every year. The article provides information about the form diversity of pistachios, shows the results of selection and methods of creating forest crops and ennobling pistachio plantations. The types of pistachio forests growing in natural conditions are shown. Information is given about the seed and vegetative pathways of renewal and about the natural renewal of pistachios. The data of researchers on the yield of pistachio plantations are presented. The results of pistachio breeding in Southern Kyrgyzstan are presented. The creation of forest plantations of pistachio requires the right choice of the site for the plantation, the best way of pre-sowing soil preparation, the best ways of seed preparation and sowing. The article provides information on the refinement of pistachios in crops. Improvement of young pistachio plantations with economically valuable forms and introduced varieties will increase their productivity several times and make it possible to have an optimal ratio of males and females. High activity of the cambial layer is observed in the one-year-old shoots. The best way to refine pistachios is summer budding with a sprouting bud on the growth of the current year or on an annual vegetative shoot